The String Data Type

The string data type is used to represent textual data (i.e. sequences of characters). Strings are created using single or double quotes surrounding one or more characters, as shown below:

var a = ‘Hi there!’; // using single quotes

var b = “Hi there!”; // using double quotes

var a = “Let’s have a cup of coffee.”; // single quote inside double quotes

var b = ‘He said “Hello” and left.’; // double quotes inside single quotes

var c = ‘We\’ll never give up.’; // escaping single quote with backslash

The Number Data Type

The number data type is used to represent positive or negative numbers with or without decimal place, or numbers are written using exponential notation e.g. 1.5e-4 (equivalent to 1.5×10-4).

var a = 25; // integer

var b = 80.5; // floating-point number

var c = 4.25e+6; // exponential notation, same as 4.25e6 or 4250000

var d = 4.25e-6;  // exponential notation, same as 0.00000425

alert(16 / 0); // Output: Infinity

alert(-16 / 0); // Output: -Infinity

alert(16 / -0); // Output: -Infinity

alert(“Some text” / 2); // Output: NaN
alert(“Some text” / 2 + 10); // Output: NaN

alert(Math.sqrt(-1)); // Output: NaNc.

The Boolean Data Type

The Boolean data type can hold only two values: true or to store values like yes (true) or no (false), on (true) or off ( demonstrated below:

var isReading = true; // yes, I’m reading
var isSleeping = false; // no, I’m not sleeping

var a = 2, b = 5, c = 10;

alert(b > a) // Output: true

alert(b > c) // Output: false

The Undefined Data Type

The undefined data type can only have one value-the special value undefined. If a variable has been declared but has not been assigned a value, has the value undefined.

var a;
var b = “Hello World!”

alert(a) // Output: undefined

alert(b) // Output: Hello World!

The Null Data Type

This is another special data type that can have only one value-the null value. A null value means that there is no value. It is not equivalent to an empty string (“”) or 0, it is simply nothing.

A variable can be explicitly emptied of its current contents by assigning it the null value.

var a = null;
alert(a); // Output: null

var b = “Hello World!”
alert(b); // Output: Hello World!

b = null;
alert(b) // Output: null

The Object Data Type

The object is a complex data type that allows you to store collections of data.

An object contains properties, defined as a key-value pair. A property key (name) is always a string, but the value can be any data type, like strings, numbers, booleans, or complex data types like arrays, function and other objects. The following example will show you the simplest way to create an object in JavaScript.

var emptyObject = {};
var person = {“name”: “Clark”, “surname”: “Kent”, “age”: “36”};

// For better reading

var car = {

“modal”: “BMW X3”,

“color”: “white”, ”

doors”: 5

}

The Array Data Type

An array is a type of object used for storing multiple values in a single variable. Each value (also called an element) in an array has a numeric position, known as its index, and it may contain data of any data type-numbers, strings, booleans, functions, objects, and even other arrays. The array index starts from 0 so that the first array element is arr[0], not arr[1].

The simplest way to create an array is by specifying the array elements as a comma-separated list enclosed by square brackets, as shown in the example below:

var colors = [“Red”, “Yellow”, “Green”, “Orange”];

var cities = [“London”, “Paris”, “New York”];

alert(colors[0]); // Output: Red

alert(cities[2]); // Output: New York

The Function Data Type

A function is a callable object that executes a block of code. Since functions are objects, so it is possible to assign them to variables, as shown in the example below:

var greeting = function(){

return “Hello World!”;

}

// Check the type of greeting variable

alert(typeof greeting) // Output: function

alert(greeting()); // Output: Hello World!

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