Different level of parallelism || Advanced Topics || Bcis Notes

Different level of parallelism

There are several different levels of parallelism: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has long been employed in high-performance computing, but it’s gaining broader interest due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling.

• Instruction level
• Process level
• Thread level parallelism

 Instruction level

Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is a measure of how many of the instructions in a computer program can be executed simultaneously. ILP must not be confused with concurrency since the first is about parallel execution of a sequence of instructions belonging to a specific thread of execution of a process (that is a running program with its set of resources – for example its address space, a set of registers, its identifiers, its state, program counter, and more). Conversely, concurrency regards with the threads of one or different processes being assigned to a CPU’s core in a strict alternate or in true parallelism if there are enough CPU’s cores, ideally one core for each runnable thread.

Process Level 

A process level is an organizational level defined within the HR company structure. Process levels fall below companies and above departments. A process level can belong to only one company, but it can have multiple departments below it in the HR company structure.

The following list outlines some of the characteristics of process levels:

• You can set up a process level under the company tax reporting ID, or as an independent entity that has its own tax reporting ID.
• Each processing level can have a unique unemployment experience rating.
• In the Payroll application, you can run payroll and time accrual cycles by process level or by processing groups (a group of process levels).
• You must assign a process level to every employee.
• You can override the currency code at the process level. The currency code of the employee must match the process level currency, if no process level currency is defined, the employee currency must match the company currency.
• You can define different position management rules for each process level.
• Standard reports show reporting breaks by process level; you can choose to use process levels for standard listings such as the payroll register and reports used by your accounting department.

Thread level parallelism

Thread level parallelism is a software capability that allows high-end programs, such as a database or web application, to work with multiple threads at the same time. Programs that support this ability can do a lot more, even under high levels of workloads. Thread-level parallelism can be controlled to some degree by the execution configuration specified in the host code used to launch kernels. In the execution configuration, we specify the number of threads per block and the number of blocks in the kernel launch. The number of thread blocks that can reside on a multiprocessor for a given kernel is then an important consideration and can be limited by a variety of factors.

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