Status and Role
Status and Role are interconnected and status guides the individual to act as their role mannerly. Status is a rank-order position occupied by a person and approved by the members of society. The role is expected behavioral patterns of a person at home, organization, and society.
A. Status
It is a social hierarchy of a person in terms of his formal and informal position. For example -doctor, engineer, professor as a formal status whereas son, daughter and the like are informal ones. In order to a higher status in society, an individual does hard work honestly.
Major Types of Status
- Ascribed Status
- Achieved Status
1. Ascribed Status:
It is a type of status that comes automatically by birth mediated through caste, class, ethnicity, religion and the like. It is a fiver and taken by family background.
2.Achieved status:
It is achieved only through hard work. He can t, doctor, professor, banker, administrator by doing hard work. It requires extra innovative ideas, skill, intuition, and dedication. A modern generation would like to have such status.
The major characteristics of status are explained as follows:
- It is a Rank- order Position or Social Hierarchy of a Person.
- Social Statuses are governed through Certain Norms and Values.
- A Person May have Different Statuses at a Time.
- Every Status has its Own Rights, Duties and Obligations.
- It is Dynamic in Character.
- It consists of External Symbols, Respect, and Social Dignity Accordingly.
- It Provides the Motivation and Influences One-Another.
- It is Ascribed and Achieved in Nature.
- Different Statuses Help to Create
B. Role
It is a function of a status that is approved by society. As defined by Duncan Mitchell “a social role is the expected behavior associated with a social position”. It is a manner in order to accomplish the task on time effectively and expertly. Each status has a set of expected behaviors called roles. While the status change that automatically gets the role changed hence status and role are interconnected to each other. It is the behavioral aspect of status.
Types or Forms of Role are:
1. Formal Role: It is performed in an organization. An expected to perform his duties and obligation in accordance with his status, A doctor cures his patients in the hospital and also as a professor he can conduct the class and engage his students.
2. Informal Role:
An individual is expected to carry out his domestic work accordingly. An individual has to carry out his work the collaboration of other members of society.
3. Role-taking:
Role taking means that a person responds by putting himself mentally in the role of another person and does the activity accordingly. It is the process of socialization as well. The child a social being by playing the roles of other individuals. G.H. Mead renowned psychologist used two major terminologies like Play and game stage in the learning process. He argues that the child takes the roles of other persons such as mother, father, cook, milkman and the which he calls play stage. Gradually he can put himself in the role of the number of other positions simultaneously as a player, a singer, an artist and the like which is called the game stage. If a prime minister goes outside of the country for visit gives the responsibility to deputy prime minister. It is also a kind of taking.
4. Role Behavior:
Role behavior is the actual behavior of one who plays a role and it is affected by dramatic role presentation in which individual acts in a deliberate effort to present the desired image to ti spectators. Role behavior refers to the way in which a certain individual fulfills the expectations. It is the actual behavior of an individual person is performing his duties in accordance with the position of that is called role behavior. For instance, if a student is engaging himself in teaching-learning processes, participating in seminars and conferences for his academic empowerment, does his assignments take an exam honestly that is called role behavior.
5. Role Conflict:
Role conflict arises from conflicting duties within a single role or from conflicting demands imposed by different roles. An individual may experience conflict if there is a discrepancy between the perception of his role and his perception of his actual role behavior.
Characteristics of Role are:
1. Social Roles are Expected Behavioral Patterns
2. Status and Role are the Two Sides of the Same Coin
3. It can be Formal and Informal in Nature
4. Status Instructs and Provides Guidelines to the Role
5. It is the Functional Aspect of Status
6. Some Roles are Considered Something Important
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