{"id":622,"date":"2020-01-27T08:30:27","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T08:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/thirdsemester\/?p=622"},"modified":"2020-02-19T08:24:47","modified_gmt":"2020-02-19T08:24:47","slug":"culture-in-society-the-foundations-of-society-bcis-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/thirdsemester\/fundamentals-of-sociology\/culture-in-society-the-foundations-of-society-bcis-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Culture in Society || The foundations of society || Bcis Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Culture in Society<\/h2>\n<p>Literally, culture in society may have developed from eastern philosophy. The Nepalese word \u201dSanskar\u201d is the origin of \u201cSanskriti\u201d which means culture. The Collins Dictionary of sociology,\u201d Culture is the human creation and use of symbols and artifacts\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Culture is the medium, tool, vehicle or means by which we meet our socio-cultural requirements. It is material and non- material in nature.<br \/>\nThe ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people or society.<\/p>\n<p><strong>According to E. B. Taylor<\/strong>, \u201c Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, skill, habits and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Major Types of Culture:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Material Culture<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Non-material Culture<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Material Culture:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Material culture consists of man-made objects such as tools, implements, furniture, automobiles, buildings, dams, roads, bridges, and in fact, the physical substance which has been changed and used by man.<\/p>\n<p>It includes technical and material equipment like a printing press, a telephone, a television, a machine gun, etc, it includes our banks, parliament, insurance schemes, currency systems, etc. It is referred to as civilizations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Non- material culture:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The term \u201cculture\u201d when used in the ordinary sense, means \u2018non- material culture\u2019. It is something internal and intrinsically valuable, reflects the inward nature of man. Non- material culture consists of the words the people use or the language they speak, the beliefs they hold, values and virtues they cherish, habits they follow, rituals and practices that they do and the ceremonies they observe. It also includes our customs and tastes, attitudes and outlook, in brief, our ways of acting, feeling and thinking.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Characteristics of Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Culture is Material and Non-material in Nature<\/li>\n<li>Culture is enriched through social expenses<\/li>\n<li>Culture is shared group behavior<\/li>\n<li>Culture is Dynamic and Diverse in Forms<\/li>\n<li>It is Social Identity<\/li>\n<li>Culture consists of Ideal Behavior, Social Civilizations, and Social Experiences<\/li>\n<li>It is Social Heritage<\/li>\n<li>Language is the Chief Value of culture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Functions of Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Culture is the treasury of knowledge.<\/li>\n<li>Culture defines Situations<\/li>\n<li>Culture defines Attitudes, Values, and Goals<\/li>\n<li>Culture decides our Career<\/li>\n<li>Culture provides Behavior Pattern<\/li>\n<li>Culture molds Personality<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cultural Relativism:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cultural relativism is the understanding of people from the framework of its\u2019 own culture.<\/li>\n<li>Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual human\u2019s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual\u2019s own culture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sub- Culture<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The term \u201cCulture\u201d is used in various ways to mean various things. When used in a broad sense, it represents human life and portrays human achievements. In this sense, the term culture is understood as the great social heritage of entire mankind. It is sometimes used in a limited sense to mean a \u201cnational culture\u201d, that is, to refer to the culture of a nation.<\/p>\n<p>A nation consists of a number of groups and sub-groups. Each such group may have a way of life of is own. Each such group has a culture of its own. Cultures of such a group are known as \u2018 subcultures\u2019.<\/p>\n<p><strong>According to Duncan Mitchell<\/strong>,\u201d a sub-culture is generally taken to mean a section of national culture\u201d. For example, we are members of Nepali society and, therefore, share in Nepali culture. But we are also the members of a smaller population segment within the larger society.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Elements of Culture:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cognitive elements<\/li>\n<li>Beliefs<\/li>\n<li>Values and Norms<\/li>\n<li>Signs<\/li>\n<li>Non-normative ways of behaving<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Organisational Culture: Sociological(Anthropology)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The business community was introduced to the idea of \u2018corporate culture\u2019 in the 1980s via the management consulting industry. Culture is deeply rooted in the life of each organization member and exerts tremendous influence on a variety of day-to-day activities like how decisions are made, how resources are allocated, who gets promoted and what behaviors are considered appropriate and so forth. Hence, culture as a treasury of knowledge that molds the human personality. It provides behavioral guidelines that help to cherish the goal of life as a functional member of society.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Norms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In the literal meaning, the word \u2018 Norm\u2019 is derived from the Latin word \u2018Norma\u2019, which means method, rule, and measurement.<\/li>\n<li>Norm is standard or rules, regulating the behavior of social settings.<\/li>\n<li>Social norms \u201crefer to the group \u2013 shared standards of behavior.<\/li>\n<li>Norms represent \u201cstandardized generalizations\u201d concerning expected modes of behavior.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Values<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Social value is not as a value of commodity but it is the measurement of social behavior and human activities.<\/li>\n<li>It is the criteria to differentiate what should be done or what should not be done.<\/li>\n<li>The nature of social value is different according to society and culture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You may also like <a href=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/thirdsemester\/fundamentals-of-sociology\/major-concern-of-sociology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Status and Role<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Culture in Society Literally, culture in society may have developed from eastern philosophy. The Nepalese word \u201dSanskar\u201d is the origin of \u201cSanskriti\u201d which means culture. <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/thirdsemester\/fundamentals-of-sociology\/culture-in-society-the-foundations-of-society-bcis-notes\/\" title=\"Culture in Society || The foundations of society || Bcis Notes\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Culture in Society || The foundations of society || Bcis Notes<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Literally, culture in society may have developed from the eastern philosophy. 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