{"id":403,"date":"2021-03-30T06:36:15","date_gmt":"2021-03-30T06:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/?p=403"},"modified":"2021-03-31T05:56:49","modified_gmt":"2021-03-31T05:56:49","slug":"measure-of-variation-in-the-multiple-regression-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/measure-of-variation-in-the-multiple-regression-model\/","title":{"rendered":"Measure of variation in the multiple regression model || Data Analysis and Modeling || BCIS NOTES"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">The measure of variation in the multiple regression model<\/h2>\n<p>There are three measures of variation in the multiple regression model that determine\u00a0 \u201c how much of the variation in Y (the dependent variable) could be explained by the variation in X (the independent variable) \u201d.To examine the ability of the set of independent variables to predict the dependent variable (y) in the multiple regression analysis, several measures of variation need to be developed. In multiple regression analysis, the total variation or total sum of squares (SST) is subdivided into explained variation or regression sum of squares (SSR) and unexplained variation or error sum of squares (SSE).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mathematically, The measures of variation in the multiple regression model is given as<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Total Sum of Square (SST) = Regression Sum of Square (SSR) + Error Sum of Square (SSE) i.e.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>SST=SSR+SSE\u2014\u2014\u2014(7)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>where<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-404\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t1.jpg\" alt=\"Measure of variation in the multiple regression model\" width=\"250\" height=\"166\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Standard Error of the Estimate for multiple regression model (Se):<\/strong><br \/>\nWe already discussed the meaning of the standard error of the estimate in the simple regression model. In a multiple regression model, the standard error of the estimate is calculated by using the following relation.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-405\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t2-300x55.jpg\" alt=\"Standard Error of the Estimate for multiple regression model\" width=\"300\" height=\"55\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t2-300x55.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t2.jpg 731w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Where \u2018k\u2019 is the number of independents variables. The other notations have their usual meanings.<br \/>\nThe interpretation of the standard error of the estimate is already discussed in the simple regression model.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Coefficients of Multiple Determination (r<sup>2<\/sup>):<br \/>\n<\/strong>The coefficient of multiple determination measures the proportion of variation in the dependent variable (y) that is explained by the set of independents variables. The following relation is used to obtain the coefficient multiple of determination in the multiple regression analysis.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-406\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t3-300x142.jpg\" alt=\"Coefficients of Multiple Determination\" width=\"300\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t3-300x142.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t3.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Adjusted Coefficient of Multiple Determination <\/strong><strong>(r<sup>2<\/sup><sub>adj<\/sub>):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The adjusted coefficient of multiple determination is obtained by using the following relation.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-407\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t4-300x34.jpg\" alt=\"Adjusted Coefficient of Multiple Determination\" width=\"300\" height=\"34\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t4-300x34.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t4-678x78.jpg 678w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t4.jpg 692w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Where<br \/>\nr<sup>2<\/sup> = coefficient of multiple determination.<br \/>\n<strong>r<sup>2<\/sup><sub>adj<\/sub> = <\/strong>adjusted coefficients of multiple determination.<br \/>\nk= number of independent variables.<br \/>\nn = number of pairs of data.<br \/>\nSST = Total sum of the square.<br \/>\nSSE = Sum of square due to error.<br \/>\nSSR = Sum of square due to regression.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Confidence Interval Estimation of Multiple Regression coefficient:<br \/>\n<\/strong>In multiple regression analysis, a confidence interval estimate for the population slope (or multiple regression coefficients) is obtained by using the following relation.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-408\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t5-300x36.jpg\" alt=\"Confidence Interval Estimation of Multiple Regression coefficient\" width=\"300\" height=\"36\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t5-300x36.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t5.jpg 733w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>By putting the value of j = 1, 2, 3, 4\u2026 k. in the above relation, we can obtain the interval estimation of b<sub>1, <\/sub>b<sub>2,<\/sub> b<sub>3, <\/sub>b<sub>4, \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.,<\/sub>b<sub>k<\/sub> respectively.<br \/>\nWhere,<br \/>\nb<sub>j<\/sub> = Estimated value of\u00a0 b<sub>j <\/sub>or Regression coefficients of the dependent variable (y) with the independent variable (x<sub>j<\/sub>) holding the effect of other independent variables constant.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-409\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/sbj.jpg\" alt=\"Standard error of the regression coefficients bj\" width=\"31\" height=\"32\" \/>= Standard error of the regression coefficients b<sub>j.<br \/>\n<\/sub>n = number of pairs of data.<br \/>\nk = number of independent variables.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-410\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/tn-k-1.jpg\" alt=\"Tabulated value\" width=\"67\" height=\"33\" \/>= <\/strong>Tabulated value of \u2018t\u2019 obtained from two-tailed student\u2019s t-table at (n-k-1) degree of freedom and \u2018\u00b5\u2019 level of significance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Approximate prediction interval:<br \/>\n<\/strong>This interval is used to obtain within which two values, the actual value of the dependent variable lies. The following relation is used to obtain the approximate prediction interval.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Approximate prediction interval:<br \/>\n<\/strong>This interval is used to obtain within which two values, the actual value of the dependent variable lies. The following relation is used to obtain the approximate prediction interval.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-416 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t6-300x30.jpg\" alt=\"Measure of variation in the multiple regression model\" width=\"300\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t6-300x30.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t6-678x69.jpg 678w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/t6.jpg 684w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-195\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/y.jpg\" alt=\"estimated value of dependent variable\" width=\"21\" height=\"26\" \/>= Estimated value of the dependent variable for a given value of a set of independent variables.<br \/>\nThe other notations have their usual meaning.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Test of significance for the regression coefficients:<br \/>\n<\/strong>To determine the existence of a significant linear relationship between the dependent variable (y) and independent variables, a hypothesis test concerning the population slope (Regression coefficient) is made by setting the null and alternative hypothesis as stated below.<br \/>\n<strong>Null hypothesis (H<sub>0<\/sub>\u00ad): <\/strong><strong>b<sub>j<\/sub> = 0 <\/strong>This means there is no linear relationship between a dependent (y) and independent variables (x<sub>j<\/sub>)<br \/>\n<strong>Alternative hypothesis (H<sub>1<\/sub>): <\/strong><strong>b<sub>j<\/sub> <\/strong><strong>0<\/strong> This means there is a significant linear relationship between a dependent (y) and independent variable (x<sub>j<\/sub>) (Two-tailed)<\/p>\n<p>If the null hypothesis is accepted then you can conclude that there is no relationship between dependent and independent variables. But if an alternative hypothesis is accepted then you can conclude that there is a significant relationship between dependent and independent variables.<br \/>\n<strong>Test Statistics:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-418 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/tcal.jpg\" alt=\"Measure of variation in the multiple regression model\" width=\"204\" height=\"96\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This test statistics follow t-distribution with (n-k-1) degree of freedom.<br \/>\n<strong>Decision:<\/strong> if the calculated value of the test statistics (t<sub>cal<\/sub>) is less than the tabulated value (t<sub>tab<\/sub>) then the null hypothesis is accepted otherwise alternative hypothesis is accepted i.e.<br \/>\nIf t<sub>cal<\/sub> &lt; t<sub><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-423\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/0000.jpg\" alt=\"level of significance\" width=\"16\" height=\"18\" \/><\/sub><sub>, n-k-1<\/sub>, then the null hypothesis is accepted. Otherwise, t an alternative hypothesis is accepted.<br \/>\nWhere<br \/>\nt<sub><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-423\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/0000.jpg\" alt=\"level of significance\" width=\"16\" height=\"18\" \/><\/sub><sub>, n-k-1 =<\/sub> tabulated value of \u2018t\u2019 at (n-k-1) degree of freedom and \u2018<sub><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-423\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/0000.jpg\" alt=\"level of significance\" width=\"16\" height=\"18\" \/><\/sub>\u2019 level of significance, obtained from two-tailed t-table.<br \/>\nn = number of pairs of data.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-423\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/0000.jpg\" alt=\"level of significance\" width=\"25\" height=\"28\" \/>\u00a0= level of significance<br \/>\nb<sub>j<\/sub> = Regression coefficients of y on x<sub>j<\/sub>.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-409\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/sbj.jpg\" alt=\"Standard error of the regression coefficients bj\" width=\"25\" height=\"26\" \/>= Standard error of the regression coefficient (b<sub>j<\/sub>)<\/p>\n<p><em>You may also like<\/em>:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/multiple-regression-analysis\/\">Multiple Regression Analysis<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>The measure of variation in the multiple regression model There are three measures of variation in the multiple regression model that determine\u00a0 \u201c how much <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/measure-of-variation-in-the-multiple-regression-model\/\" title=\"Measure of variation in the multiple regression model || Data Analysis and Modeling || BCIS NOTES\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[133,132,135,134],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Measure of variation in the multiple regression model || DAM || BCISNOTE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The measure of variation in the multiple regression model is to examine the ability of the set of independent variables to predict the\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/measure-of-variation-in-the-multiple-regression-model\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" 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