{"id":315,"date":"2021-03-23T09:05:50","date_gmt":"2021-03-23T09:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/?p=315"},"modified":"2021-03-31T05:58:47","modified_gmt":"2021-03-31T05:58:47","slug":"multiple-regression-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/multiple-regression-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Multiple Regression Analysis || Data Analysis and Modeling || BCIS NOTES"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Multiple Regression Analysis<\/strong><\/h1>\n<h2><strong>Concept of Multiple Regression Analysis:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In simple regression analysis, the regression model is fit between one dependent and one independent variable to estimate the dependent variable or to measure the effectiveness of an independent variable on the dependent variable. When the regression model is fit between one dependent and more the one independent variable then this regression model is called the multiple regression model. In multiple regression analysis, the effect of the different independent variables on the dependent variable can be measured simultaneously.<\/p>\n<p>Let \u2018y\u2019 be the dependent variable and x<sub>1<\/sub>, x<sub>2, <\/sub>x<sub>3<\/sub> \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 x<sub>k <\/sub>be the \u2018k\u2019 independent variables. Then the multiple regression model is defined as<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-318\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-1-300x27.jpg\" alt=\"Multiple Regression Analysis\" width=\"333\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-1-300x27.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-1-768x69.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-1.jpg 867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 333px) 100vw, 333px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Where<\/p>\n<p>y = dependent variable.<br \/>\nx<sub>1<\/sub>, x<sub>2, <\/sub>x<sub>3<\/sub> \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 x<sub>k<\/sub>\u00a0 are independent variables.<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b20<\/sub> = y-intercept.<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b21<\/sub> = Slope of y with variable x<sub>1<\/sub> holding the remaining variables x<sub>2, <\/sub>x<sub>3<\/sub> \u2026,x<sub>k<\/sub> constant or Regression coefficient of y on x<sub>1<\/sub> holding the remaining variables x<sub>2, <\/sub>x<sub>3<\/sub> \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 x<sub>k <\/sub>constant.<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b22<\/sub> = Slope of y with variable x<sub>2<\/sub> holding the remaining variables x<sub>1, <\/sub>x<sub>3<\/sub> \u2026,x<sub>k<\/sub> constant or Regression coefficient of y on x<sub>2<\/sub> holding the remaining variables x<sub>1, <\/sub>x<sub>3<\/sub> \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 x<sub>k <\/sub>constant.<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b23<\/sub> = Slope of y with variable x<sub>3<\/sub> holding the remaining variables x<sub>1, <\/sub>x<sub>2, <\/sub>x<sub>4, <\/sub>\u00a0\u2026,x<sub>k<\/sub> constant or Regression coefficient of y on x<sub>3<\/sub> holding the remaining variables x<sub>1, <\/sub>x<sub>2, <\/sub>x<sub>4, <\/sub>\u00a0\u2026,x<sub>k<\/sub> constant.<br \/>\nAnd so on. Similarly,<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b2k<\/sub> = Slope of y with variable x<sub>k<\/sub> holding the remaining variables\u00a0 x<sub>1, <\/sub>x<sub>2, <\/sub>x<sub>3<\/sub> \u2026,x<sub>k-1<\/sub> constant or Regression coefficient of y on x<sub>k<\/sub> holding the remaining variables x<sub>1, <\/sub>x<sub>2, <\/sub>x<sub>3<\/sub> \u2026,x<sub>k-1<\/sub> constant.<br \/>\ne = error term or residual.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Multiple Regression Model with Two Independent Variables:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Let \u2018y\u2019 be the dependent variable and x<sub>1<\/sub> and x<sub>2<\/sub> are two independent variables. The multiple regression model with two independent variables is defined as,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-319 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-2-300x39.jpg\" alt=\"Multiple Regression Model with Two Independent Variables\" width=\"300\" height=\"39\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-2-300x39.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-2.jpg 586w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Where<\/p>\n<p>y = dependent variable.<br \/>\nx<sub>1<\/sub>and x<sub>2<\/sub> are independent variables.<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b20<\/sub> = y-intercept.<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b21<\/sub> = Slope of y with variable x<sub>1<\/sub> holding the remaining variable x<sub>2 <\/sub>constant or Regression coefficient of y on x<sub>1<\/sub> holding the remaining variable x<sub>2 <\/sub>constant.<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b22<\/sub> = Slope of y with variable x<sub>2<\/sub> holding the remaining variable x<sub>1 <\/sub>constant or Regression coefficient of y on x<sub>2<\/sub> holding the remaining variable x<sub>1<\/sub> constant.<br \/>\ne = error term or residual.<\/p>\n<p>To fit the regression model (2), we have to estimate the value of <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>0<\/sub>, <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>1,<\/sub> and <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>2<\/sub>. To estimate the value of these parameters we use the principle of lest square. The following three normal equations of equation (2) can be obtained using the method of least square.<\/p>\n<p>Now normal equations of equation (2) are<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-320\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-1-300x97.jpg\" alt=\"Multiple Regression Model with Two Independent Variables\" width=\"330\" height=\"114\" \/><\/p>\n<p>On solving these above three normal equations we can estimate the value of <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>0<\/sub>, <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>1,<\/sub> and <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>2<\/sub>. Hence the fitted multiple regression model is<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-326 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-1-300x35.jpg\" alt=\"Normal equations\" width=\"300\" height=\"35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-1-300x35.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-1.jpg 628w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Where,<br \/>\nThe estimated value of the dependent variable for a given value of the independent variables.<br \/>\n<sub>\u03b2<\/sub>0 = y-intercept (or Estimated value of <sub>\u03b2<\/sub>0.)<br \/>\nb1 = Regression coefficients of y on x1 holding the effect of x2 constant (or Estimated<br \/>\nvalue of <sub>\u03b2<\/sub>1.)<br \/>\nb2 = Regression coefficients of y on x2 holding the effect of x1 constant (or Estimated<br \/>\nvalue of <sub>\u03b2<\/sub>2.)<\/p>\n<h2>Interpreting the multiple regression coefficients:<\/h2>\n<p>Suppose we have the following multiple regression model<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-329\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-300x35.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5-300x35.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/5.jpg 518w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The y-intercept <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>0<\/sub> represents the average of the dependent variable when the value of independents variables are zero i.e. x<sub>1<\/sub> = x<sub>2<\/sub> =0. for example<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Here <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>0<\/sub> = 20, this means, the average value of dependent variable is 20 when x<sub>1<\/sub> = x<sub>2<\/sub> =0<\/p>\n<p>2. The multiple regression coefficients b<sub>1<\/sub> measure the average rate of increased or decreased in the value of a dependent variable (y) while\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0increasing the value of independent variable \u2018x<sub>1<\/sub>\u2019 by unit, by keeping the effect of another independent variable \u2018x<sub>2<\/sub>\u2019 constant. For example,<\/p>\n<p>Here, <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>1<\/sub> = 2.5, this means, the value of a dependent variable (y) is increased by 2.5 when the value of an independent variable (x<sub>1<\/sub>) is\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0increased by 1, by keeping the effect of x<sub>2<\/sub> constant.<\/p>\n<p>3. The multiple regression coefficients <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>2<\/sub> measure the average rate of increased or decreased in the value of a dependent variable (y)\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0while increasing the value of independent variable \u2018x<sub>2<\/sub>\u2019 by unit, by keeping the effect of other independent variables \u2018x<sub>1<\/sub>\u2019 constant. For\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0example,<\/p>\n<p>Here, <sub>\u03b2<\/sub><sub>2<\/sub> = -3.8, this means, the value of the dependent variable (y) is decreased by 3.8 when the value of an independent variable (x<sub>2<\/sub>) is increased by 1, by keeping the effect of x<sub>1<\/sub> constant.<\/p>\n<h2>Error term or Residual:<\/h2>\n<p>The difference between the observed and estimated value of the dependent variable (y) is called error or residual and it is denoted by \u2018e\u2019<\/p>\n<p>Where<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-330 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/6.jpg\" alt=\"Error term or Residual\" width=\"151\" height=\"55\" \/><\/p>\n<p>e = Error term<\/p>\n<p>y= Observed value of the dependent variable.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-195\" src=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/y.jpg\" alt=\"Error term or Residual\" width=\"24\" height=\"30\" \/>= Estimated value of the dependent variable for a given value of a set of independent variables.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You may also like:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/confidence-interval\/\">Confidence Interval Estimate<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>Multiple Regression Analysis Concept of Multiple Regression Analysis: In simple regression analysis, the regression model is fit between one dependent and one independent variable to <a class=\"mh-excerpt-more\" href=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/multiple-regression-analysis\/\" title=\"Multiple Regression Analysis || Data Analysis and Modeling || BCIS NOTES\">[&#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[137,139,138,136],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Multiple Regression Analysis || Data Analysis and Modeling || BCIS NOTES<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In simple regression analysis, the regression model is fit between one dependent and one independent variable to estimate the dependent variable or to measure the effectiveness of an independent variable on the dependent variable.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bcisnotes.com\/fourthsemester\/multiple-regression-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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